The Role of E-Commerce in Empowering Cooperatives: Digital Implementation and the Spirit of Collectivism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22225/jj.13.1.2026.26-36Keywords:
cooperatives, culture of joy and sorrow, digital transformation, family principle, tri hita karanaAbstract
This study aims to understand the transformation of digital services and cooperative accountability through internalization of the culture of joy and sorrow in cooperatives. The principle of the family in cooperative management is presented as a manifestation of the local value of Tri Hita Karana in the form of activities that balance harmony. An interpretive qualitative approach inspired by a culture of joy and sorrow was used to understand the experience of digital transformation and cooperative management. Five informants who met the criteria as managers or heads of cooperatives were involved in the in-depth interviews. Research informants are representatives of cooperatives that have digitally transformed and carry a culture of joy and sorrow. The results of the analysis found three main findings. First, digital transformation increases the reach and effectiveness of services along with transparency in reporting cooperative management. Second, the presence of the regional and central governments supports and encourages technological transformation, which is expected to become a facilitator in the future. Third, the culture of joy and sorrow is translated into cooperative activities based on Tri Hita Karana’s philosophical values of maintaining harmony with the Creator, fellow cooperative members, and a sense of concern for the universe. This research is novel in that it internalizes the principle of family in cooperative management, which is the local value of Tri Hita Karana in the form of activities that balance the harmony of members with the Creator, members with cooperative managers, and concern for caring for the universe.
References
Aftab, J. (2024). Do green practices drive business excellence in SMEs? Investigating how green entrepreneurial orientation improves firm’s performance. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 35(5–6), 529–558. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2024.2315442
Agusti, R. R., & Rahman, A. F. (2023). Determinants of tax attitude in small and medium enterprises: Evidence from Indonesia. Cogent Business and Management, 10(1), 2160585. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2160585
Albadry, O. (2025). Total Quality Management, organizational agility and service quality: addressing the needs for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Total Quality Management, 36(5–6), 345–365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2025.2451355
Ali, K. (2024). Driving sustainability in industry 5.0 through sociotechnical approach of quality management. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 35(13–14), 1567–1592. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2024.2375303
Apascaritei, P., & Elvira, M. M. (2022). Dynamizing human resources: An integrative review of SHRM and dynamic capabilities research. Human Resource Management Review, 32(4), 100878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100878
Ardiana, P. A., Sujana, I. K., Natalia, S. A. P. D., & Kadek Dwi Linda Yanthi. (2025). Tri Hita Karana: Balinese local wisdom and its role in the triumph over corruption. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 21(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change
Baía, E. P., & Ferreira, J. J. M. (2024). Dynamic capabilities and performance: How has the relationship been assessed? Journal of Management and Organization, 30(1), 188–217. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.88
Beamish, P. W., & Chakravarty, D. (2021). Using the Resource-Based View in Multinational Enterprise Research. Journal of Management, 47(7), 1861–1877. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206321995575
Belanche, D., Flavián, M., & Pérez-Rueda, A. (2020). Mobile Apps Use and WOM in the Food Delivery Sector: The Role of Planned Behavior, Perceived Security and Customer Lifestyle Compatibility. Sustainability, 12(10), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104275
Belina, A. (2023). Semi-structured interviewing as a tool for understanding informal civil society. Voluntary Sector Review, 14(2), 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1332/204080522X16454629995872
Calderon-Monge, E., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2024). The role of digitalization in business and management: a systematic literature review. In Review of Managerial Science (Vol. 18, Issue 2). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00647-8
Castañeda, N. (2024). Fairness and Tax Morale in Developing Countries. Studies in Comparative International Development, 59(1), 113–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09394-z
Chahal, H., Gupta, M., Bhan, N., & Cheng, T. C. E. (2020). Operations management research grounded in the resource-based view: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 230(May), 107805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107805
Chatterjee, S., Chaudhuri, R., Mariani, M., & Fosso Wamba, S. (2023). The consequences of innovation failure: An innovation capabilities and dynamic capabilities perspective. Technovation, 128(September), 102858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102858
Cresswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications Inc. USA. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/qualitative-inquiry-and-research-design/book246896
Danzman, S. B., & Slaski, A. (2022). Explaining deference: why and when do policymakers think FDI needs tax incentives? Review of International Political Economy, 29(4), 1085–1111. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2021.1885475
Dejardin, M. (2023). The impact of dynamic capabilities on SME performance during COVID?19 (pp. 1703–1729). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-022-00569-x
Dwi Widyani, A. A., Landra, N., Sudja, N., Ximenes, M., & Sarmawa, I. W. G. (2020). The role of ethical behavior and entrepreneurial leadership to improve organizational performance. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1747827
Fadilasari, D. P., Roy Ghatak, R., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Joshi, R., & Kandasamy, J. (2024). Adopting quality management practices in the industry 4.0 era: an investigation into the challenges. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 35(9–10), 1098–1123. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2024.2354840
Govindan, K. (2025). Analyzing the dynamic capabilities of emerging technologies for industrial emergency situations. International Journal of Production Economics, 281(January 2023), 109495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2024.109495
Grani?, A., Nikola Maranguni?, & Andrina. (2019). Q1_Grani? (2019) Technology acceptance model in educational context_A systematic literature review.pdf. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2572–2593. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/bjet.12864
Hitchings, R., & Latham, A. (2020). Qualitative methods I: On current conventions in interview research. Progress in Human Geography, 44(2), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132519856412
Ilmi, M., Setyo Liyundira, F., Rachmawati, A., Juliasari, D., & Habsari, P. (2020). Perkembangan Dan Penerapan Theory Of Acceptance Model (TAM) Di Indonesia. Relasi?: Jurnal Ekonomi, 16(2), 436–458. https://doi.org/10.31967/relasi.v16i2.371
Kubontubuh, C. P. (2023). Tri Hita Karana, a Spiritual Connection to Nature in Harmony. Journal of the Siam Society, 111(2), 247–252.
Mahdikhani, M. (2023). Total quality management and lean six sigma impact on supply chain research field: systematic analysis. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 34(15–16), 1921–1939. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2023.2214506
Moerer-Urdahl, T., & Creswell, J. W. (2004). Using Transcendental Phenomenology to Explore the “ Ripple Effect ” in a Leadership Mentoring Program. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(2), 19–35.
Mohd Faizal, S., Jaffar, N., & Mohd nor, A. S. (2022). Integrate the adoption and readiness of digital technologies amongst accounting professionals towards the fourth industrial revolution. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2122160
Ofosu-Mensah Ababio, J., Aboagye, A. Q. Q., Barnor, C., & Agyei, S. K. (2022). Foreign and domestic private investment in developing and emerging economies: A review of literature. Cogent Economics and Finance, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2132646
Opiso, J., Korutaro Nkundabanyanga, S., Tumwine, S., Kigongo Kaawaase, T., Senyonga, L., & Echegu, S. (2023). The digital era of taxation: Analysing the effectiveness of digital tax adoption on petroleum excise duty revenue. Cogent Business and Management, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2272370
Ronalter, L. M., & Bernardo, M. (2023). Integrated management systems and sustainability – a review on their relationships. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 34(11–12), 1438–1468. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2023.2178407
Santos, K. da S., Ribeiro, M. C., de Queiroga, D. E. U., da Silva, I. A. P., & Ferreira, S. M. S. (2020). The use of multiple triangulations as a validation strategy in a qualitative study. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 25(2), 655–664. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020252.12302018
Sarmawa, I. W. G., Widyani, A. A. D., Sugianingrat, I. A. P. W., & Martini, I. A. O. (2020). Ethical entrepreneurial leadership and organizational trust for organizational sustainability. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1818368
Sarvamangala, R., & Farzana, A. (2021). A comprehensive Analysis of digital Taxation in India. SJCC Management Research Review, 11(June), 137–151. https://doi.org/http://www.sjccmrr.res.in/index.php/sjcc/article/view/170
Sharmin, F., Tipu Sultan, M., Badulescu, D., Badulescu, A., Borma, A., & Li, B. (2021). Sustainable Destination Marketing Ecosystem through Smartphone-Based Social Media: The Consumers’ Acceptance Perspective. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042308
Shin, W. S. (2025). Open quality in the digitalization era: concept, principles, and implementation framework. 36(5–6), 387–407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2025.2472951
Silvestri, C. (2024). A new holistic definition of TQM towards sustainability. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 35(3–4), 465–502. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2024.2312370
Somohano-Rodríguez, F. M., Madrid-Guijarro, A., & López-Fernández, J. M. (2020). Does Industry 4.0 really matter for SME innovation? Journal of Small Business Management, 60(4), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2020.1780728
Sukawati, T. G. R., Riana, I. G., Rajiani, I., & Abbas, E. W. (2020). Managing corporate sustainability by revitalizing balinese cultural identity. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 21(1), 382–393. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2020.21.1.28
Sumantri, I. K., Sudana, I. P., Dwirandra, A. A. N. B., & Wirajaya, I. G. A. (2022). Sustainability business practices based on tri hita karana and its accountability. Linguistics and Culture Review, 6(S1), 631–654. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns1.2109
Talan, T., Do?an, Y., & Kalinkara, Y. (2023). Effects of Smartphone Addiction, Social Media Addiction and Fear of Missing Out on University Students’ Phubbing: A Structural Equation Model. Deviant Behavior, 45(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2023.2235870
Tavory, I. (2020). Interviews and Inference: Making Sense of Interview Data in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Sociology, 43(4), 449–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-020-09464-x
Tiitola, V., Jalonen, T., Rantanen-Flores, M., Korhonen, T., Ruusuvuori, J., & Laine, T. (2024). Discourse analysis on sustaining the maieutic role “when management accounting goes digital.” Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, 21(2), 140–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRAM-11-2022-0198
Vikas, S. (2025). A theoretical framework to deploy sustainable Lean Six Sigma and its empirical application in manufacturing. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 36(5–6), 366–386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2025.2471833
Wirasedana, I. W. P., Sudarma, M., Andayani, W., & Mulawarman, A. D. (2024). The role of capital in microfinance financial performance and cultural sustainability. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2287770
Wirtz, B. W., & Göttel, V. (2016). Technology acceptance in social media: Review, synthesis and directions for future empirical research. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 17(2), 97–115. http://www.jecr.org/sites/default/files/17_2Paper1.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Made Yudi Darmita, Ida Bagus Raka Suardana, A.A.N Eddy Supriyadinata Gorda, Ida Ayu Oka Martini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
