WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal)

The Differences of 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin, 4% Paraformaldehyde, and Bouin Solution in Newborn Rat Brain

Luh Gde Evayanti — 2024-05-30

Rats are widely used in the study of embryological development of the central nervous system and its congenital disorders. Therefore, tissue fixation is very important in obtaining a good picture of the central nervous system, especially in newborn rats. This study aims to determine the difference in fixation using a solution of 10% neutral buffered formalin, 4% paraformaldehyde, and Bouin solution in the brain tissue of newborn rats. This experimental study used a post-test only controlled-group design with 18 newborn rats aged zero day. After randomization, the pups were grouped into 3 treatment groups, namely: fixation with 10% neutral buffered formalin solution (P1, n = 6), and fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde solution (P2, n = 6), and fixation with Bouin solution (P3, n = 6). Assessment using Hematoxylin Eosin staining, and analyzed by blinding based on the histology of the cerebral tissue (cell nucleus staining, cytoplasmic staining, staining clarity, uniformity of staining). Five cerebrum fields were examined. Data analysis used Kruskall Wallis test and post hoc Mann Whitney test using SPSS. The result was a significant difference in the histology of the brain tissue of newborn rats with the fixation of a solution of 10% neutral buffered formalin, 4% paraformaldehyde and Bouin solution (p = 0.001). Brain tissue fixation using 10% neutral buffered formalin solution showed better quality of histological pictures compared to 4% solution of paraformaldehyde solution and Bouin solution (p <0.05).

Cognitive Function of the Elderly in Banjar Busana, Desa Sibanggede, Badung Regency: A Descriptive Study

Harry Bawana — 2024-05-31

Countries around the world are currently entering an aging population era, where the number of elderly individuals is increasing. In the elderly, there is a decline in intrinsic capacities such as physical, mental, and cognitive capacities, which hampers their functional abilities. Cognitive function impairment is an early stage of cognitive decline and is a risk factor for dementia, which significantly disrupts daily activities. Banjar Busana, Desa Sibanggede, is one of the banjars with a relatively large elderly population, totalling 117 individuals. However, data on the cognitive function profile in Banjar Busana, Desa Sibanggede, is not yet definitively available. This study aims to determine the cognitive function profile of the elderly in Banjar Busana, Desa Sibanggede, Badung Regency. The population of this study comprises all elderly individuals in Banjar Busana in 2023, totalling 117 people. The sample size was calculated using the formula by Dean et al., 2013, with a 95% confidence level, resulting in a sample size of 90 individuals. The sample was then selected using simple random sampling. Cognitive function was measured using the MoCA-INA questionnaire. The data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results showed that the majority of respondents were aged 60-69 years (59%), with more male respondents (51%) than female respondents (49%). Respondents experiencing cognitive function impairment amounted to 47%, while those without cognitive function impairment were 53%. It is recommended to provide more education to the community regarding the dangers of cognitive function impairment and preventive efforts.

Angiography Scores Can Predict Amputation in Diabetic Feet

Anak Agung Gede Budhitresna — 2024-05-31

Diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes mellitus, with a risk of amputation. One of the risk factors for amputation is peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Angiography is a diagnostic method used to visualize blood vessels, plan therapeutic actions, and predict prognosis, including the likelihood of amputation. The validity of angiography scores in predicting amputation in diabetic foot patients is assessed. This study is a diagnostic test to determine the validity of angiography scores in predicting amputation in 23 diabetic foot patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital. Data analysis used the Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) and diagnostic tests to obtain the Area Under the Curve (AUC), cutoff point, sensitivity and specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Positive Likelihood Ratio (PLR), and Negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR). The study results showed a cutoff point for angiography scores of 33% with an AUC of 0.9841 (>0.7) for the percent score and a cutoff point of 6 with an AUC of 0.9960 for the total score (>0.7). The sensitivity and specificity of the angiography scores were very good for predicting amputation in diabetic foot, at 92.9% and 88.9% (CI 95%), respectively. With PPV of 92.9% and NPV of 88.9%, the diagnostic value of angiography scores in predicting amputation in diabetic foot patients is supported. This study shows that angiography scores have good validity in predicting amputation in diabetic foot patients.

The Roles of Parents, Health Workers, and Peer in Preventing Youth Premarital Sex Behaviour in Indonesia

Mellysa Kowara — 2024-05-31

Adolescents are a vital component in the nation's development for the future, comprising 10% of the total population aged 15-24 years old. However, many adolescents are engaging in premarital sex, which contributes to various adverse effects including an increased risk of contracting STIs, HIV/AIDS, unintended pregnancies, and more. This study aims to analyze the roles of parents, peers, and healthcare providers in providing sexual education to prevent premarital sex among adolescents. Using a cross-sectional approach, the study analyzed the role of parents, healthcare workers, and peers in sexual education and its influence on premarital sexual behavior. The research was conducted in nine districts in Bali Province, with a total sample size of 455 individuals. The results revealed that the majority of adolescents consider sexual and reproductive health education important but feel uncomfortable discussing it, particularly with their parents. The absence of parental involvement was indicated by other findings, as only the roles of healthcare workers and peers were significantly associated with a history of receiving sexual education. The role of parents as the primary source of sexual education and guidance can be enhanced through training and education to improve their understanding of adolescent reproductive counseling. This would foster a sense of comfort and openness in discussing the sexual and reproductive issues experienced by adolescents.

Implementation of the Plate Meal Method towards Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Rauza Alda — 2024-05-31

Plate meal is a diet therapy program for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patients, which may balance the blood glucose by dividing food on the plate. Improving patient self-management may difference the patients, especially those with Diabetes Mellitus type 2. This research aimed to determine the difference of the plate meal method with diet program implementation toward self-management among patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2. This research was a quasi-experiment with pre and post-test equivalent control group methods. The population of this research was thirty patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in Ulee Kareng Regional Technical Implementation Unit Health Community Center of Banda Aceh, which was divided into two groups, consisting of 15 respondents from the intervention group and 15 from the control group. The technique used in taking the samples was purposive sampling. This research was conducted in Ulee Kareng Regional Technical Implementation Unit Health Community Center from June 19 to 27, 2023. The data analysis used was a paired t-test and an independent t-test. The result of the research showed that the p-value of the paired t-test on the intervention group was 0.002. Therefore, there was a difference. The p-value of the control group was 0.369, which showed that there was no difference toward the control group, while the p-value of the independent t-test was 0.047 (p-Value ? 0,05), indicating that there was an difference between the intervention and control group after the treatment of the intervention group. The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference in the application of the plate meal method diet program towards self-management in Type 2 DM patients at the UPTD Ulee Kareng Community Health Center, Banda Aceh between the control and treatment groups.