The Implementation Of The Employment Agreement For Indonesian Migrant Workers In Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The placement program of Indonesian migrant workers overseas is the Indonesian government’s program for the society’s welfare. One of the referential laws used in the working relations between the Indonesian migrant workers and the Arabic employers is the employment agreement. The Saudi Arabian employment agreement implements the sharia law which is influenced by the Hambali school of taught. The King’s decree No. M/51 year 2005 regulates the labor laws in Saudi Arabia, and this country’s government only accepts employment agreements written in Arabic. The solution is that the employment agreements written in two languages are prepared, with Arabic as the authoritative language. Apart from implementing the Kafala System, as a substitute of tax, Saudi Arabia also implements the Nitaqat Policy. The employment agreements in Saudi Arabia have a high risk of being misused by the agencies, as the position of the Indonesian migrant workers is under the responsibility and under the power of the agencies, who have the right to terminate or to send the workers back home if there are some problems. The employment agreements are made because of the employer’s complaints on how the migrant workers often run away, which undoubtedly causes them a high loss. The aim of the contract is so that both parties may achieve a win-win solution, and that they are both given protection. Yet, the contract also limits the participation of the host country’s delegates, as all affairs are given to the Saudi Arabian Immigration Office. The employment agreement must be owned by both parties. Yet, based on some researches established by the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia’s safe house, it is known that almost none of the migrant workers keep an employment agreement. Another problem is that there are multiple contracts: one before departing for Saudi Arabia, and a different one after having arrived in the country. Another written agreement that is signed by the employer and the agency in Saudi Arabia doesn’t involve the domestic worker. The three contracts which are signed in Indonesia, in front of the Immigration Office, and the one-sided contract between the employer and the agency regulates the same thing, though there is a chance that in all three contracts, the wages written are different.References
"Indonesia 'feels cheated' by Saudi government". . 21 June 2011. (2012, October 11). Retrieved Januari 14, 2013
Abdullah, I., & dkk. (2002). Islam dan Konstruksi Seksualitas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Offset.
Agusmidah. (2011). Dilematika Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Tinjauan Politik Hukum. Jakarta: sinar grafika.
Arinanto, S. (2009). Dimensi-Dimensi HAM Mengurai Hak Ekonomi. Sosial Dan Budaya. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Azmy, A. S. Negara dan Buruh Migran Perempuan (Menelaah Kebijakan Perlindungan Masa Pemerintahan Susilo Bambang Yudoyono 2004-2010. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Bedner, A., & Huis, S. V. (2012). The Return of the Native in Indonesia Law. KITLV Journals , 164 (3), 165-193.
bel-Air, F. D. (2015). The Socio-Political Background and Stakes of ‘Saudizing’ the Workfore in Saudi Arabia: the Nitaqat Policyâ€. Gulf Labour Markets and Migration-EN. No. 3/2015. Doha: Qatar University.
Benda, F. V., & Benda-Becmen, K. V. (2011). Myth And Stereotypes About Adat Law: Reassessment of Van Vollenhoven In The Light of Current Struggles Over Adat Law In Indonesia. Journal Bijdragen Tot De Taat – Land en Volikenkunde , 167 (2), 172.
Berberick, S. N. (2010). The Objectification Of Women In Mass Media: Female Self-Image In Misogynist Culture. The New York Sociologist , 5, 2.
Burns, P. J. (2007). The Revival Of Tradition In Indonesian Politics: The Deployment of Adat From Colonialism to Indigenism. London: Routledge-Curzon.
Carey, P. (2012). Takdir: Riwayat Pangeran Diponegoro (1785-1855). Jakarta: Gramedia.
Chamberlain, G. (2013). Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid. Retrieved January 14, 2014
Cordesman, A. H. (2003). Saudi Arabia Enters the Twenty-First Century: The Political. Foreign Policy. Economic. and Energy Dimensions. Westport: Praeger. pp.
DG, K., & R, A. Mental Health Needs of Crime Victims: Epidemiology and Outcomes. Journal Of Traumatic Stress , 16, 119-132.
Fakih, M. (1996). Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Offset.
Fritzgerald, P. D. (1999). Rape Myth Acceptance: Exploration Of Its Structure And Its Measurement Using The Illinois rape Myth Acceptance Scale. Of Research in Personality , 33, 27-68.
Hadikusuma, H. (2003). â€Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Adat Indonesia. Bandung: mandar maju.
Handayani, T., & dkk. (2016). Peran Hukum Adat dalam Penyelesaian Kasus-Kasus Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan di Kupang, Atambua, dan Waingapu. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan , 46 (2), 245; 246.
Hanitijo, S. (1988). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum dan Jurimerri. Jakarta: GHlmia Indonesia Publisher.
Hartono, M. R. (2017). Tinjauan Yuridis Aspek Hukum Perlindungan Korban Perkosaan Di Wilayah Hukum Polres Tebo. Jurnal Lex Specialis , 25, 83.
Hethcox, D. (2016). The Effects Of Double ColonizationIn The Joy Of Motherhood. Proceedings Of. The National Confrence On Undergraduate Research (NCUR) (p. 1843). Asheville: University Of North Carolina.
HumanRightsWatch. (2004). 'Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
Izziyana, W. V. (2018). Hukum Ketenagakerjaan. Ponorogo: Unmuh Ponorogo Press.
Kapiszewski, A. (2001). Nationals and Expatriates. Population and Labour Dilemmas of the Gulf Cooperation Council States. London: Ithaca Press.
King, J. (2003). An Activist’s manual on the International covenant on economic. social and cultural right. Colombo: Center For Economic and social Righ.
Knight, R. A. (2011). Perkosaan Bukan Tentang Seks Tapi Kekuasaan. Perempuan (71), 27.
Law, P. P.-F. (2005). Basic Framework of the Special Local Regulation in the Implementation of the Papuan Customary Courts. Jayapura: Papua Police-Faculty of Law Cendrawasih University and Partnership for Governance Reform in Indonesia.
Mahfu, A. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Migran Di Asia Tenggara (Dalam Perspektif Hukum Ham Internasional). Prociding National Seminar. (p. 174). Universitas Wiraja.
Majed, A. (2014). The System of Kafala and the Rights of Migrant Workers in GCC Countries-With Specific Reference to Saudi Arabia. 6 (2), pp. 377-400.
MaxSijabat, R. (2012, July 8). Hundreds of Indonesians on death row . Retrieved January 14, 2013, from The Jakarta Post.
Missa, L. (2010). Tesis. Studi Kriminologi Penyelesaian Kasus Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga diWilayah Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.
Mohanty, C. T. (1984). Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship And Colonial Discourses, On Humanism And The University I: The Discourse Of Humanism Spring - Autumn. Boundary , 12 (3), 338.
Monica Matavire. (2012). Interrogating the Zimbabwean Traditional Jurisprudence and the Position of Women in Conflict Resolution. A Case of the Shona Tribes in Muzarabani District. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science , 3 (2), 222.
Nefi, T. H., & All, E. (2016). Peran Hukum Adat Dalam Penyelesaia Kasus Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan di Kupang. Atambua dan Waingapu. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan , 46 (2), 233-234.
Payaman, S. (2003). Manajemen Hubungan Industrial. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
Pede, F. L. (2016, February). Kekerasan seksual terhadap anai di Atambua mencapaia 36 kasus. Retrieved Juli 18, 2016, from http://rri.co.id/post/berita/291646/daerah/kekerasan_seksual_terhadap_anak_di_atambua_mencapai_36_kasus.html
Rusli, H. (2011). Hukum Ketenagakerjaan. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.
Setiady, T. (2013). â€Intisari Hukum Adat indonesia (Dalam kajian Kepustakaan). Alfabeta.
Shadle, B. (2008, September). Rape in the Courts of Gusiiland, Kenya, 1940s–1960s. African Studies Review , 51, p. 42.
Sherifa, Z. (2011). Middle East in Fokus: Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: Riyadh Islamic University Press.
Soekanto, S. (1986). Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. UI Press: Jakarta.
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (1990). Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat, Cet. 3. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Soemitro, R. H. (1998). Metode Penelitian Hukum dan Jurimetri. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Stoler, A. (1977). Class Structure And Female Autonomy In Rural Java, Women And National Development: The Complexities Of Change=. Autumn , 3 (1), 76-88.
Sumardinta, J. Objektivitas Kebenaran Ilmiah : Mungkinkah. Diskursus , 7 (2), 118.
Syafrianto, A. (2004). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Bermasalah Asal Kalimantan Barat yang Bekerja di Malaysia. Nestor Master’s Degree Law Journal , 3 (1).
Trafimow, M. A. (2002). The Influence Of Patriarchal Ideology An Outcomes Of Legal Decision Involving Woman Battering Casses: An Analysis Of Five Historical Eras. The Social Science , 39, 235-245.
Undang Undang No 5 Tahun 1979 Tentang Pemerintahan Desa. (1979). Jakarta: Lebaran Negara.
Venny, A., & Rahayu, R. I. (1993). Patriarchal Barriers To Women’s Political Participation In South-East Asia: Lessons From The Philippines, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, And Timor-Leste On Patriarchy And The Rise Of Women’s Participation In State Politicslessons.
Wulansari, C. D. (2012). Hukum Adat Indonesia Suatu pengantar. Jakarta: Refika Aditama.
Yani, I. I. (2016). Tesis. Penerapan Sanksi dalam Delik Adat Silariang di Masyarakat Hukum Adat Kajang Bulukumba (Studi Kasus Hukum Adat Kajang). Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin.
Zulfa, E. A. (2010). Restorative And Revitalization of Customary Institutions In Indonesia. . Criminology Journal Of Indonesia , 5 (2), 88.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
All articles published Open Access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. We are continuously working with our author communities to select the best choice of license options, currently being defined for this journal as follows: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
The author can hold the copyright without any restriction under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
Abstract viewed = 510 times
PDF downloaded = 335 times
