Actor Networks and Environmental Conflicts: The Case of Benoa Bay Reclamation (2014-2019)
Abstract
This study explores the formation of actor networks in developing conservation areas, specifically focusing on the Benoa Bay conservation area in Bali from 2014 to 2019. This period marks the beginning and temporary cessation of reclamation development permits in the area, instigated by a Presidential Decree. The study examines how actor networks form through material negotiations, categorizing actors into pros (supporting reclamation) and cons (opposing reclamation). It employs the Actor Network Theory (ANT) framework, particularly the moments concept developed by Callon, to analyze these networks and negotiations. The research is qualitative, using case studies and field data collected through interviews with relevant stakeholders. The primary findings reveal that actors on both sides—pro and con—form networks based on the material narratives they promote. For the pros, the need for tourism space justifies reclamation, while the cons focus on conservation values upheld by the Balinese community. The reclamation issue acts as a moment of problematization, bringing these opposing material narratives into conflict within the conservation area. The study follows ANT’s stages from problematization to mobilization, highlighting how the conflicting material narratives of both pro and con actors interact and influence the network formation. Ultimately, the research illustrates the dynamics of actor networks in the context of reclamation, showing how material negotiations shape these networks and the contestation over spatial production in Benoa Bay networks.
References
Adityanandana, M., & Gerber, J. F. (2019). Post-growth in the Tropics? Contestations over Tri Hita Karana and a tourism megaproject in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1839–1856. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1666857
Aminah. (2017, November 11). I Wayan Koster Janji Tolak Reklamasi Teluk Benoa . Republika.
Andika, I. B. M. B., Kusmana, C., & Nurjaya, I. W. (2019). The impact of The construction of Bali Mandala Toll Road to The Mangrove Ecosystem at Benoa Bay Bali. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 9(3), 641–657. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.3.641-657
Ardhana, I. P. G., & Farhaeni, M. (2017). The study of the impact for social culture toward the planning of reclamation for Benoa Bay in Bali. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1844. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4983437
Baiquni, M., & Rijanta, R. (n.d.). KONFLIK PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DAN SUMBERDAYA DALAM ERA OTONOMI DAN TRANSISI MASYARAKAT (Pemahaman Teoritis dan Pemaknaan Empiris).
Callon, M. (1999). Actor-Network Theory—The Market Test. The Sociological Review, 47(1_suppl), 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1999.tb03488.x
D Hutabarat. (2016, April 10). Serentak, Demo Tolak Reklamasi Bali Digelar di 7 Kota . Liputan6.Com .
David Marsh, & Garry Stoker. (2022). Teori dan Metode Dalam Ilmu Politik . In Teori dan Metode Dalam Ilmu Politik (p. 242). Nusamedia.
Destriapani, E., Sarwoprasodjo, S., & Sadono, D. (2021). Pemanfaatan Website Desa untuk Pembangunan: Perspektif Actor-Network Theory. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.22500/9202137657
Dewi Setia Triana, I., & Saefudin, Y. (2019). Access to Justice of Balinese: Community Struggle to Refuse Benoa Bay Reclamation Plan.
Dwi, M., Tajem, A., & Saribulan, N. (n.d.). KONFLIK KEPENTINGAN DALAM KEBIJAKAN REKLAMASI KAWASAN TELUK BENOA PROVINSI BALI Kajian tentang Konsep Tri Hita Karana.
ForBALI. (2017, March 5). Komnas HAM Rekomendasikan Pembatalan Reklamasi Teluk Benoa . ForBALI Organization .
Gangga, I., & Dewi, S. (n.d.). PENOLAKAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP REKLAMASI TELUK BENOA PROVINSI BALI. http://www.forbali.org/,
Hall, D., Hirsch, P., Li, T. M., & Baird, I. G. (2012). Powers of Exclusion: Land Dilemmas in Southeast Asia Siphandone Wetlands Project View project Hmong Studies View project. Article in The Journal of Asian Studies. https://doi.org/10.2307/23263473
Hall, Hirsch, & Li. (2011). Powers of Exclusion: Land Dillemas in Southeast Asia: . Singapore National University of Singapore.
Hantoro J. (2018, March 23). Cagub Bali, Rai Mantra, Tegaskan Tolak Reklamasi Teluk Benoa . Tempo Web Site .
Kerr, T., & Wardana, A. (2020). Utopian resort living: islands of reclamation and environmental resistance in Bali and Western Australia. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 18(6), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2019.1694534
L Harisson. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Politik . Prenada Media Group .
Lebel, L., Garden, P., & Imamura, M. (2005). The Politics of Scale, Position, and Place in the Governance of Water Resources in the Mekong Region (Vol. 10, Issue 2). and Society. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26267731?seq=1&cid=pdf-
Murdoch, J. (1998). The Spaces of Actor-Network Theory. In Pergamon Geofimm (Vol. 29, Issue 4).
Prihandoko, & Sunudyantoro. (2014, December 14). Perusahaan Tommy Winata, Bisnis, dan Teluk Benoa. Tempo Media Corporation.
R Hasan. (2016, September 8). Pendemo Ditahan, Aktivis Seruduk Polda Bali . Tempo Magazine .
Rahardian, R., & Zarkasi, I. F. (2021). Jejaring Aktor Dalam Upaya Perubahan Kebijakan: Kasus Advokasi Kebijakan Dalam Menolak Izin Lingkungan Pengolahan Limbah Berbahaya dan Beracun. Jurnal Identitas, 1(2), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.52496/identitas.v1i2.143
Sarantakos. (2013). Social Research. Palgrave Macmillan .
Setiawan, A. (n.d.). PRODUKSI RUANG SOSIAL SEBAGAI KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN RUANG PERKOTAAN (KAJIAN ATAS TEORI RUANG HENRY LEFEBVRE).
Silka, H., Dharmawan, A. H., Suharjito, D., & Darusman, D. (2012). PERAN DINAMIKA JEJARING-AKTOR DALAM REFORESTASI DI PAPUA (The Role of Actor-Network Dynamics on Reforestation in Papua). In JURNAL Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan (Vol. 9, Issue 2).
Sletto, B. (2002). Producing space(s), representing landscapes: Maps and resource conflicts in Trinidad. Cultural Geographies, 9(4), 389–420. https://doi.org/10.1191/1474474002eu256oa
Subekti, S., Sulistiyono, S. T., & Adhuri, D. (2020). Adat Movements for Environmental Justice: The Case of Benoa Bay Bali. E3S Web of Conferences, 202. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207035
Sugiono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (p. 347). Alphabeta.
Syahputra, O. K. H., Nugroho, B., Kartodihardjo, H., & Santoso, N. (2019). Networking Powers of Actors in Community-Based Mangrove Management in Aceh Province. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 9(2), 380–393. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.2.380-393
Wardana, A. (n.d.). Legal Engineering in a Contest over Space in Bali. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333756299
Abstract viewed = 38 times
PDF downloaded = 19 times
