Doha Declaration sebagai Perlindungan Masyarakat atas Akses Obat Esensial di Negara Berkembang Pasca Trips Agreement
Abstract
This study aims to examine the protective articles in TRIPs related to medicine and how the Doha Declaration has become very important for developing countries in overcoming the problem of access to essential medicines. This study uses normative legal methods with a statute approach and conceptual approach. The analysis shows that based on the provisions in TRIPs there are two flexibility as protective articles of TRIPs to Patents, especially in the field of medicines, namely Parallel Imports, Compulsory Licenses. This is as regulated further in the Doha Declaration of 2001. The compulsory licensing model is a model that provides more benefits to public access to cheap drugs, especially essential drugs. The Doha Declaration contains seven paragraphs which provide an interpretation of Articles 7 and 8 of the TRIPS Agreement. Paragraphs 1-3 are preamble or preamble to the declaration while Article 4-7 is the implementing article (operative). The Doha Declaration provides provisions that can help developing and underdeveloped countries to overcome the impact of patent protection on the health sector stemming from the TRIPS agreement such as parallel imports and compulsory licenses.
References
Abbott, F. M. (2002). The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health: Lighting a Dark Corner at the WTO. Journal of International Economic, 5, 469. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=1493725
Aqimuddin, E. A., Sunendar, I., Siska, F., Tanjung, R. J., & Mayas, M. (2015). Tinjauan Pendekatan Hukum Dan Ekonomi Terhadap Model Lisensi Wajib Paten Atas Obat Dalam WTO-Trips dan Deklarasi Doha 2001. Prosiding SNaPP: Sosial, Ekonomi Dan Humaniora, 5(1). Retrieved from http://proceeding.unisba.ac.id/index.php/sosial/article/view/182
Correa, C. M. (2008). Integrating Public Health Concerns Into Patent Legislation in Developing Countries. Switzerland: South Centre. Retrieved from http://www.southcentre.org/
Dharmawan, N. K. S. (2011). Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dan Harmonisasi Hukum Global (Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Terhadap Perlindungan Program Komputer). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Dharmawan, N. K. S. (2014). Relevansi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dengan Hak Asasi Manusia Generasi Kedua. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 14(3). doi:10.20884/1.jdh.2014.14.3.323
Djumhana, M. (2006). Perkembangan Doktrin dan Teori Perlindungan HKI. Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya.
Ferreira, L. (2002). Access to Affordable HIV/AIDS Drugs: The Human Rights Obligations of Multinational Pharmaceutical Corporations. Fordham L. Rev, 71, 1133. Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/flr71&div=36&id=&page=
Mardiyanto, T. (2002). Hukum Paten lndonesia Dalam Perspektif Kepentingan Konsumen Untuk Akses Obat. Perencanaan Pembangunan, 27. Retrieved from http://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/lontar/file?file=digital/78133-[_Konten_]-Artikel A.86-27-02.pdf
Mercurio, B. C. (2004). TRIPs, Patents, and Access To Life-Saving Drugs In The Developing World. Marq. Intellectual Property L. Rev., 8(2). Retrieved from https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/iplr/vol8/iss2/2/
Sykes, A. O. (2002). TRIPS, Pharmaceuticals, Developing Countries, and the Doha Solution. Chi. J. Int’l L., 3(47). Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/cjil3&div=9&id=&page=
Utomo, T. S. (2007). Deklarasi Doha dalam Perspektif Akses Obat Murah dan Terjangkau: Sebuah Pelengkap Perjanjian TRIPS. Unisia, 30(64), 122–132. doi:10.20885/unisia.vol30.iss64.art2
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
All articles published Open Access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. We are continuously working with our author communities to select the best choice of license options, currently being defined for this journal as follows: Creative Commons-Non Ceomercial-Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)