Interlingual Interference in Multilingual Students: An Optimality Theory Approach
Keywords:
Interference, Multilingual learners, Optimality theory (OT)
Abstract
In Indonesia, multilingualism is a common phenomenon, where individuals regularly switch between multiple languages and dialects in their daily communication. Within this multilingual environment, people often learn several words from their second (L2) or third (L3) language alongside their native tongue (L1). This study aims to investigate the primary linguistic features affected by interlingual interference among multilingual learners at IAIN Langsa and how the principles of Optimality Theory can help explain the observed patterns of interlingual interference in the language learning processes of these students, specifically those in the Arabic Education Department. To address these questions, the research focuses on the language spoken by multilingual learners proficient in Acehnese, Bahasa Indonesia, and Arabic at IAIN Langsa. Data collection involved fieldwork, interviews, and recordings, with five students as the research subjects. The study results indicate that interlingual interference has a multifaceted impact on multilingual learners in the Arabic Education Department at IAIN Langsa. The findings demonstrate that Acehnese phonology influences the development of Arabic words. This is evident in how Acehnese-Arabic speakers modify the final phoneme /d/ to /t/ in three words: [a.had] becomes [a.hat], [ah.mad] becomes [ah.mat], and [mau.lid] changes to [mo.lit]. Multilingual learners may transfer pronunciation patterns, intonation, and accent elements from their native languages into the target language, resulting in pronunciation difficulties and challenges in acquiring the phonological system of the target language.
References
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Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
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Dewaele, J. M., Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2018). Effects of trait emotional intelligence and sociobiographical variables on communicative anxiety and foreign language anxie-ty among adult multilinguals: A review and empirical investigation. Language Learn-ing, 58(4), 911–960.
Dumiyati., Musnandar, A. ., Julhadi., Na’im, Z., & Muta’allim. (2023). The Development of Islamic Education Curriculum on Building Religious Moderation at Manbaul Ulum Is-lamic Boarding School. AL-WIJDÃN Journal of Islamic Education Studies, 8(3), 359–381. https://doi.org/10.58788/alwijdn.v8i3.2607
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Muta’allim., Alfani, F. R., Mahidin, L., Agustin, Y. D & Wicaksi, D. (2021). Fungsi Adjektiva Komparatif dalam Bahasa Madura Dialek Kangean dan Dampaknya bagi Masyarakat Kangean: Kajian Pragmatik (The Function of Comparative Adjectives in Kangean Dialect of Madurese Language and Its Impact). Totobuang, 9(2), 257-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/ttbng.v9i2.299
Muta’alim, Nawawi, Alfani, F. R., Ghaffar, A. A., & Wafi, A. (2021). Codes Switching and Codes Mixing of Sellers and Buyers in Traditional Markets: Case Study of Market Kampong Asembagus Situbondo. Retorika: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 7(2), 121-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22225/jr.7.2.2627.121-129
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Prince, A., & Smolensky, P. (2004). Optimality Theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar. Optimality Theory in Phonology: A Reader, 1–71.
Puig-Mayenco, E., González Alonso, J., & Rothman, J. (2020). A systematic review of trans-fer studies in third language acquisition. Second Language Research, 36(1), 31–64.
Salikin, H., Muta’allim., Alfani, F. R., Hosaini, & Sayfullah, H. (2021). Traditional Madurese Engagement Amids the Social Change of the Kangean Society. Retorika: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 7(1), 32-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.22225/jr.7.1.2633.32-42
Sarkisov E. (2022). Interlingual Interference as A Linguistic and Cultural Characteristic of The Current Online Communication. Russian Journal of Bilingualism Studies.
Sofyan, A., Badrudin, A., Fitriani, D. N., & Muta’allim. (2022). Types and Functions of Illo-cutionary Speech Acts on Intercharacter Dialogue in Tilik Short Films. Lingua. Vol. 18, No. 2, 148-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/lingua.v18i2.36163
Sofyan, A., Firmansyah, M. B ., Muta’allim., Solissa, E. M., & Rosikh, F. (2022). Islamic Boarding School Linguistic Landscape in The Development of Arabic Language Skills and Islamic Knowledge. International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sci-ences (IJERSC), 3(6), 2178–2185. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i6.563
Sofyan, A., Yudistira, R., Muta’allim., Alfani, F. R., & Ghaffar, A. A. (2022). The Analysis of Conversational Implicature Between Students and Teachers at Al-Azhar Islamic Boarding School. Retorika: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 8(1), 65-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.55637/jr.8.1.4344.65-72
Suhery, D, & Raza, M. H.(2019). An Optimality Theory Account of English Loanwords in Pilibhit Hindi-Urdu (Uttar Pradesh) India. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-5C, May 2019. DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.E1108.0585C19.
Tabroni, I., Irsyadi, A. N., Kartiko, A. ., Rutumalessy, M. ., & Parinussa, J. D. (2022). The Ar-abic Language as A Basic Epistem in The Scientific Tradition of Islamic Boarding School Education. International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC), 3(6), 2318–2324. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i6.564
Tamburelli, M., Sanoudaki, E., Jones, G., & Sowinska, M. (2015). Acceleration in the bilingual acquisition of phonological structure: Evidence from Polish–English bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(4), 713–725.
Thomason, S. G., & Kaufman, T. (2001). Language contact (Vol. 22). Edinburgh University Press.
Unsworth, S. (2013). Current issues in multilingual first language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 21–50.
Wafa, A., & Wijayanti, S. (2018). Signs of Multilingualism at Religious Places in Surabaya: A Linguistic Landscape Study. 228(Klua), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.2991/klua-18.2018.5
Weinreich, U. (1957). Language in Contact: Findings and Problems. The Hague Mouton. https://iainlangsa.ac.id/pages/sejarah-kampus
Wolfsthurn, S. V. G. Z., Robles, L. P., & Schiller, N. O. (2021). Cross-Linguistic Interference in Late Language Learners: An ERP study. Brain Lang. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104993. Epub 2021 Jul 21. PMID: 34303111.
Yudistira, R., Muta’allim., Nurcaya., Julhadi., & Pattiasina, P. J. (2022). The Role of Linguistics and Local Wisdom on Knowing Harmony between Religions at Tana Toraja. Muslim Heritage, Vol. 7, No. 2, 409-431. DOI: 10.21154/muslimheritage.v7i2.5023
Yudistira, R., & Muta’allim. (2023). Code Mixing as An Anti-Political Indiscretion among Farm Laborers at Ajung, Kalisat, Jember. LiNGUA, Vol. 18, No. 1, 25-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v18i1.20312
Akmal, S., Harley, L. B., Rahmikawati., & Maulida, T. A. (2022). The Acehnese Loanwords and Contacts with Other World’s Languages: A Preliminary Findings. Lingua Cultura, 16(2), 193-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v16i2.7909
Al-Khresheh, M. H. (2011). An Investigation of Interlingual Interference in the use of ‘and’ as a Syntactic Coordinating Structure by Jordanian EFL Learners. European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 3, 426-433.
Aloufi, A. (2021). Vowel Epenthesis in Toda Songs. Linguistics and Literature Studies, 9(1), 22–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2021.090103
Ansell, J., & Phillips, M. J. (1994). Practical Methods for Reliability Data Analysis (No. 14). Oxford University Press.
Baloch, S. S. (2013). L1 (Arabic) Interference in Learning L2 (English): An Analysis of Eng-lish Spelling Used by Arabic Speakers at Undergraduate Level – A Case Study. Euro-pean Scientific Journal 9(16), pp.226-232. Retrieved from http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/1145/1161
Carson, L. (2016). The Sights and Sounds of the Multilingual City. Bristol: Multilingual Mat-ters.
Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
Crystal, D. (2003). English as Global Language. In The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1
Dewaele, J. M., Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2018). Effects of trait emotional intelligence and sociobiographical variables on communicative anxiety and foreign language anxie-ty among adult multilinguals: A review and empirical investigation. Language Learn-ing, 58(4), 911–960.
Dumiyati., Musnandar, A. ., Julhadi., Na’im, Z., & Muta’allim. (2023). The Development of Islamic Education Curriculum on Building Religious Moderation at Manbaul Ulum Is-lamic Boarding School. AL-WIJDÃN Journal of Islamic Education Studies, 8(3), 359–381. https://doi.org/10.58788/alwijdn.v8i3.2607
Gussenhoven, C., & Jacobs, H. (2017). Understanding phonology. Routledge.
Irsyadi, A. N., Fitriyah, N. M., Hanifiyah, F., & Muta’allim. (2022). Menakar Potensi Nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Sastra Daerah. Haluan Sastra Budaya, Vol. 6, No. 2, 145-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/hsb.v6i2.61902
Jabeen, S. (2023). Language planning and policy, and the medium of instruction in the multi-lingual Pakistan: A void to be filled. International Journal of Multilingualism, 20(2), 522–539.
Julhadi., Muta’allim., Fitri, R., Efendi, Z., & Yahya, M. (2023). Malay Culture-based Local Content Curriculum in Islamic Education. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, Vol. 7, No. 2, 506-522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v7i2.433.
Karim, K. (2010). Vowel epenthesis in Bengali: An Optimality Theory analysis. WPLC: Work-ing Papers of the Linguistics Circle, 20(1), 26–36. https://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/WPLC/article/view/5670
Kelly-Holmes, H. (2014). Linguistic fetish: The sociolinguistics of visual multilingualism. Vis-ual Communication, 4, 135–151.
MacWhinney, B. (2005). A unified model of language acquisition in Handbook of Bilingual-ism: Psycholinguistic Approaches, eds Kroll J. F., De Groot A. M. B. (Oxford). Ox-ford University Press.
Mahardhani, A. J., Nawiruddin., Jalaluddin., Julhadi., & Muta’allim (2023). The Kyai’s Position in Rural Local Democracy based on Patronage Politics at Tapal Kuda. Muslim Heritage, Vol. 8, No. 1, 115-132. DOI: 10.21154/muslimheritage.v8i1.6004
Meara, P. (2009). Vocabulary Learning Strategies and Foreign Language Acquisition, V PaviÄić TakaÄ. (p. vii+ 197 pp). Clevedon.
Mose, E. (2021). Phonological Processes in Ekegusii Borrowing: A Constraint-based Ap-proach. JL3T (Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching), 7(2), 83-100. https://doi.org/10.32505/jl3t.v7i2.3233
Muta’allim., Alfani, F. R., Mahidin, L., Agustin, Y. D & Wicaksi, D. (2021). Fungsi Adjektiva Komparatif dalam Bahasa Madura Dialek Kangean dan Dampaknya bagi Masyarakat Kangean: Kajian Pragmatik (The Function of Comparative Adjectives in Kangean Dialect of Madurese Language and Its Impact). Totobuang, 9(2), 257-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/ttbng.v9i2.299
Muta’alim, Nawawi, Alfani, F. R., Ghaffar, A. A., & Wafi, A. (2021). Codes Switching and Codes Mixing of Sellers and Buyers in Traditional Markets: Case Study of Market Kampong Asembagus Situbondo. Retorika: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 7(2), 121-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22225/jr.7.2.2627.121-129
Muta’allim, Sofyan, A., & Haryono, A. (2020). Adjektiva Superlatif Bahasa Madura Dialek Kangean: Sebuah Kajian Pragmatik. LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 5(1), 15. doi: https://doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v5i1.2057
Nair, R. B. (2003). A Troika For 21st-Century Indian Linguistics: Pragmatics, Cognition, And Language Acquisition. In Language Studies in India: Cognition, Structure, Variation. Springer Nature Singapore.
Prince, A., & Smolensky, P. (2004). Optimality Theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar. Optimality Theory in Phonology: A Reader, 1–71.
Puig-Mayenco, E., González Alonso, J., & Rothman, J. (2020). A systematic review of trans-fer studies in third language acquisition. Second Language Research, 36(1), 31–64.
Salikin, H., Muta’allim., Alfani, F. R., Hosaini, & Sayfullah, H. (2021). Traditional Madurese Engagement Amids the Social Change of the Kangean Society. Retorika: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 7(1), 32-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.22225/jr.7.1.2633.32-42
Sarkisov E. (2022). Interlingual Interference as A Linguistic and Cultural Characteristic of The Current Online Communication. Russian Journal of Bilingualism Studies.
Sofyan, A., Badrudin, A., Fitriani, D. N., & Muta’allim. (2022). Types and Functions of Illo-cutionary Speech Acts on Intercharacter Dialogue in Tilik Short Films. Lingua. Vol. 18, No. 2, 148-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/lingua.v18i2.36163
Sofyan, A., Firmansyah, M. B ., Muta’allim., Solissa, E. M., & Rosikh, F. (2022). Islamic Boarding School Linguistic Landscape in The Development of Arabic Language Skills and Islamic Knowledge. International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sci-ences (IJERSC), 3(6), 2178–2185. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i6.563
Sofyan, A., Yudistira, R., Muta’allim., Alfani, F. R., & Ghaffar, A. A. (2022). The Analysis of Conversational Implicature Between Students and Teachers at Al-Azhar Islamic Boarding School. Retorika: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 8(1), 65-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.55637/jr.8.1.4344.65-72
Suhery, D, & Raza, M. H.(2019). An Optimality Theory Account of English Loanwords in Pilibhit Hindi-Urdu (Uttar Pradesh) India. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-5C, May 2019. DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.E1108.0585C19.
Tabroni, I., Irsyadi, A. N., Kartiko, A. ., Rutumalessy, M. ., & Parinussa, J. D. (2022). The Ar-abic Language as A Basic Epistem in The Scientific Tradition of Islamic Boarding School Education. International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC), 3(6), 2318–2324. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i6.564
Tamburelli, M., Sanoudaki, E., Jones, G., & Sowinska, M. (2015). Acceleration in the bilingual acquisition of phonological structure: Evidence from Polish–English bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(4), 713–725.
Thomason, S. G., & Kaufman, T. (2001). Language contact (Vol. 22). Edinburgh University Press.
Unsworth, S. (2013). Current issues in multilingual first language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 21–50.
Wafa, A., & Wijayanti, S. (2018). Signs of Multilingualism at Religious Places in Surabaya: A Linguistic Landscape Study. 228(Klua), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.2991/klua-18.2018.5
Weinreich, U. (1957). Language in Contact: Findings and Problems. The Hague Mouton. https://iainlangsa.ac.id/pages/sejarah-kampus
Wolfsthurn, S. V. G. Z., Robles, L. P., & Schiller, N. O. (2021). Cross-Linguistic Interference in Late Language Learners: An ERP study. Brain Lang. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104993. Epub 2021 Jul 21. PMID: 34303111.
Yudistira, R., Muta’allim., Nurcaya., Julhadi., & Pattiasina, P. J. (2022). The Role of Linguistics and Local Wisdom on Knowing Harmony between Religions at Tana Toraja. Muslim Heritage, Vol. 7, No. 2, 409-431. DOI: 10.21154/muslimheritage.v7i2.5023
Yudistira, R., & Muta’allim. (2023). Code Mixing as An Anti-Political Indiscretion among Farm Laborers at Ajung, Kalisat, Jember. LiNGUA, Vol. 18, No. 1, 25-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v18i1.20312
Published
2023-12-31
How to Cite
Dedy Suhery, Cut Intan Meutia, Mohd Hamid Raza, & Zahratul Idami. (2023). Interlingual Interference in Multilingual Students: An Optimality Theory Approach. RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 9(3), 275-283. https://doi.org/10.55637/jr.9.3.8875.275-283
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