Indirect Speech Found in You’ve Reached Sam Novel by Dustin Thao
Keywords:
indirect speech, grammar, novelAbstract
Relating what someone has said is not only done by using the speaker’s exact words which is called direct speech. But it can also be done by using different words providing that they do not change the meaning which is called indirect speech. Indirect speech is not only found in spoken language but it is found in written language as well. For example in novels. For that reason this study focuses on indirect speech found in a novel. The novel that is used as a data source is entitled You’ve Reached Sam. This novel is chosen because there is a great number of indirect speech found in it. The analysis on this research generally focuses on the types of indirect speech and changes occurring in the process of relating what someone says or has said. The theory applied in this research is mainly taken from the theory about indirect speech by Thomson and Martinet (1986) in their book entitled “A Practical English Grammar.” Some explanations are obtained from other sources as well. It is intended to get a better view on understanding the topic. The data of this paper are taken from the novel You’ve Reached Sam and this are collected by reading the entire of the novel, underlining the sentences which have relationship with the topic namely indirect speech, then they are analyzed descriptively based on the main theory. Based on the results of the analysis, there are three types of indirect speech found. They are indirect statement, indirect question, and indirect directive. Some changes occur in indirect speech, they are verb form, place, personal pronoun, possessive adjective, and modal auxiliaries.
References
Thomson, A.J and Martinet A.V Martinet. (1986). A Practical English Grammar. Oxford University Press
Azar, Betty S and Stacy A Hagen. (2009). Understanding and Using English Grammar Fourth Edition with Answer Key. New York: Pearson Education.
Azar, Betty Schrampfer. (2003). Fundamental of English Grammar, Third Edition with Answer Key. New York: Pearson Education.
Krasniqi, F. (2021). The semantic categories of reporting verbs in Albanian newspapers.
Mustajib, A. (2021). The Ability Of The 2020/2021 Academic Years Students Of Islamic University Of Indragiri In Changing Direct Into Indirect Speech. English Journal of Indragiri (EJI): Studies in Education, Literature, and Linguistics, 5(2), 154–164.
Parmar, N. (2014). An Introduction to Direct & Indirect Speech. International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(4), 44–47. www.raijmr.com
Krasniqi, F. (2021). The semantic categories of reporting verbs in Albanian newspapers.
Mustajib, A. (2021). The Ability Of The 2020/2021 Academic Years Students Of Islamic University Of Indragiri In Changing Direct Into Indirect Speech. English Journal of Indragiri (EJI): Studies in Education, Literature, and Linguistics, 5(2), 154–164.
Xiao, D. (2023). Indirect speech and tense in English on line news papers (1). 144–149. https://doi.org/:10.32996/ijllt
Bakir, R. S. (2011). Focus on English Grammar. Tangerang Selatan. KARISMA Publishing Group.
Harmer, J. (2007). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Fourth Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Lee, James J., & Steven Pinker. 2010. Rationales for indirect speech: The theory of the strategic speaker. Psychological Review 117(3): 785-807.
Budiwaty, Suci. (2013). An Error Analysis on The English Direct and Indirect Speech in The Past Tense Form. Electronic Journal of Gunadarma University Archives [Online], Vol 7 (2), 3 halaman. Available: https://ejournal.gunadarma.ac.id/index.php/ugjournal/article/view/918/809 [02/01/19]
