PENGARUH STRES KERJA DAN IKLIM ORGANISASI TERHADAP INTENTION TO LEAVE DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI (Studi Pada Dinas Perindustrian Dan Perdagangan Provinsi Bali)

  • I Gusti Ngurah Putu Arya Damar Universitas Warmadewa
  • Putu Ngurah Suyatna Yasa Universitas Warmadewa
  • Ni Wayan Sitiari Universitas Warmadewa
Keywords: Stres Kerja, Iklim Organisasi, Kepuasan Kerja, Intention to Leave

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan pengaruh stress kerja dan iklim organisasi terhadap intention to leave dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel mediasi dengan subjek penelitian pegawai DInas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Provinsi Bali. Hipotesis yang diajukan terdiri dari 1. Stres kerja (work/job stress) mempunyai pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja (job satisfaction). 2 Iklim organisasi (organizational climate) mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja (job satisfaction). 3 Kepuasan kerja mempunyai pengaruh negative dan signifikan terhadap keinginan untuk pindah (intention to leave). 4 Stres kerja mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keinginan untuk pindah (intention to leave). 5 Iklim Organisasi mempunyai pengaruh negative dan signifikan terhadap keinginan untuk pindah (intention to leave). Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan ukuran sampel sebanyak 60 orang yang dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus slovin dan penentuan ukuran sampelnya menggunakan metode probality sampling. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder baik data kuantitatif maupun kualitatif. Analisis data menggunakan structural equation modeling (SEM) dengan metode partial least square (PLS) yang mendapatkan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : 1 Stres kerja (work/job stress) mempunyai pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja (job satisfaction). 2 Iklim organisasi (organizational climate) mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja (job satisfaction). 3 Kepuasan kerja mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keinginan untuk pindah (intention to leave). 4 Stres kerja mempunyai pengaruh negative dan signifikan terhadap keinginan untuk pindah intention to leave). 5 Iklim Organisasi mempunyai pengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap keinginan untuk pindah (intention to leave).

References

Abbey, Augustus. 1983. “R&D Work Climate and Innovation in Semiconductors.

Academy of Management Journalâ€. Vol. 26, No.2, pp. 362-368

Ableson, M.A. 1987. “Examination of Avoidable and Unavoidable Turnoverâ€. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol.72, No.3, pp. 382-386

Abraham, Rebecca. 1999. “The Impact of Emotional Dissonance on Organizational Commitment and Intention to Turnoverâ€. The Journal of Psychology. 133(4), p. 441-455

Ahuja, Manju K., Katherine M.Chudoba, Charles J. Kacmar, D. Harrison MCKnight, Joey F. George. 2007. “IT Road Warriors: Balancing Work-Family Conflict, Job Autonomy, and Work Overload to Mitigate Turnover Intentionsâ€. MIS Quarterly. Vol.31 No.1, pp.1-17.

Alavi, Hamid Reza dan Ramazan Jahandari. 2005. “The Organizational Climate of Kerman Shahid Bahonar Universityâ€. Public Personnel Management. Vol.34, No.3.

Arnold, Hugh, J. dan Daniel C. Feldman. 1982. “A Multivariate Analysis of the Determinants of Job Turnoverâ€. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol.67, No.3, pp. 350-360.

Batlis, Nick C. 1980. “The Effect of Organizational Climate on Job Satisfaction, Anxiety, and Propensity to Leaveâ€. The Journal of Psychology. Pp. 233-240.

Beehr, Terry A. dan John E. Newman. 1978. “Job Stress, Employee Health, and Organizational Effectiveness: A Facet Analysis, Model, and Literature Reviewâ€. Personnel Psychology. Pp. 31.

Bloomquist, Michael J. dan Brian H. Kleiner. 2000. “How to Reduce Theft and Turnover through Better Hiring Methodsâ€. Management Research News. Vol.23 No.7/8.

Bretz, Robert D., Jr, John W. Boudreau dan Timothy A. Judge. 1994. “Job Search Behavior of Employed Managersâ€. Personnel Psychology. pp. 47.

Brown, Steven P. dan Robert A. Peterson. 1993. “Antecendents and Consequences of Salesperson Job Satisfaction: Meta-Analysis and Assessment of Causal Effectâ€. Journal of Marketing Research. Vol.XXX, pp. 63-77.

Brown, Steven P. dan Robert A. Peterson. 1994. “The Effect of Effort on Sales Performance and Job Satisfactionâ€. Journal of Marketing. Vol. 58, pp. 70-80.

Carmeli, Abraham dan Jacob Weisberg. 2006. “Exploring Turnover Intention among Three Professional Groups of Employeesâ€. Human Resource Development International. Vol.9, No.2, pp. 191-206.

Carsten, Jeanne, M. dan Paul E. Spector. 1987. “Unemployment, Job Satisfaction, and Employee Turnover: A Meta- Analytic Test of the Muchinsky Modelâ€. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol.72, No.3, pp. 374-381.

Chiu, Chou-Kang, Chich-Pen Lin, Yuan Hui Tsai, dan Ching-Yun Hsiao. 2005. “Modeling Turnover Intentions and Their Antecendents Using the Locus of Control as a Moderator: A Case of Customer Service Employeesâ€. Human Resource Development Quarterly. Vol.16, No.4.

Church, Allan H. 1995. “Manajerial Behaviors and Work Group Climate as Predictors of Employee Outcomesâ€. Human Business Developmnet Quarterly. Vol.6, pp. 173-205.

Churchill, Jr., Gilbert A., Neil M. Ford, dan Orville C. Walker, Jr. 1976. “Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction in the Salesforceâ€. Journal of Marketing Research. Vol. XIII. November, pp. 323-332.

Cohrs, J. Christopher, Andrea E. Abele, dan Dorothea E. Dette. 2006. “Integrating Situational and Dispositional Determinants of Job Satisfaction: Findings from Three Samples Of Professionalsâ€. The Journal of Psychology. pp. 363-395.

Cotton, John L. dan Jeffrey M. Tuttle. 1986. “Employee Turnover: A Meta-Analysis and Review with Implications for Researchâ€. Academy of Management Review. Vol.11, No.1, pp. 55-70.

Desiana, Putri Mega dan Budi W. Soetjipto. 2006. “Pengaruh Role Stressor dan Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi (Perceived Organizational Support) terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen: Studi Kasus Asisten Dosen FEUIâ€. Usahawan. No.05 TH XXXV.

Djati, S. Pantja dan Khusaini. 2003. “Kajian Terhadap Kepuasan Kompensasi, Komitmen Dan Prestasi Kerjaâ€. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan. Vol 5(1), Maret, pp. 25-41.

Downey, H. Kirk dan Don Hellriegel John W. Slocum, Jr. 1975. “Congruence Between Individual, Needs, Organizational Climate, Job Satisfaction And Performanceâ€. Academy Of Management Journal. Vol.18, No.1.

Ferdinand, Augusty. 2006. “Structural Equation Modelling Dalam Penelitian Manajemenâ€. Edisi 4. BP UNDIP.

Ferijani, Agatha dan A. Ika Rahutami. 2001.â€Stres kerja karyawan BPRâ€. Dian Ekonomi Vol. VII No.1, Maret, pp.19-34.

Fey, Carl F. dan Paul W. Beamish. 2001. “Organizational Climate Similarity and Performance: International Joint Ventures in Russiaâ€. Organization Studies. Vol 22/5, pp. 853-882.

Fields, Dail, Myra E. Dingman, Paul M. Roman dan Terry C. Blum. 2005. “Exploring Predictors of Alternative Job Changesâ€. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 78, pp. 63-82.

Friedlander, Frank dan Newton Margulies. 1969. â€Multiple Impacts of Organizational Climate and Individual Value Systems Upon Job Satisfactionâ€. Personnel Psychology. Vol 22, pp. 171-183.

Futrell, Charles M. dan A. Parasuraman. 1984. “The Relationship of Satisfaction and Performance to Salesforce Turnoverâ€. Journal of Marketing. Vol.48, pp. 33-40.

Griffeth, Rodger W., Peter W. Hom, dan Stefan Gaertner. 2000. “A Meta-Analysis of Antecendents and Correlates of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Test, and Research Implications for Next Milleniumâ€. Journal of Management. Vol. 26, No.3, pp. 463-488.

Harter, James K., Frank L. Schmidt, dan Theodore L. Hayes. 2002. “Business-Unit-Level Relationship Between Employee Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, and Business Outcomes: A Meta-Analysisâ€. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol.87, No.2, pp. 268-279.

Haryanti, Endang. 2005. “Analisis Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan klim Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Pegawai Kantor Kecamatan Gayamsari Pemkot Semarangâ€. Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana Magister Manajemen Universitas Diponegoro (tidak dipublikasikan).

Hom, Peter W. dan Rodger W. Griffeth. 1991. “Structural Equations Modeling Test of Turnover Theory: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysesâ€. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol.76, No.3, pp. 350-366.

Hwang, Ing-San, Dr. dan Jyh-Huei Kuo. 2006. “Effects of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Alternative Employment Opportunities on Turnover Intention – An Examination of Public Sector Organizationsâ€. The Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge. Vol.8.

Igbaria, M. dan Greenhaus, J.H. 1992. “Determinants of MIS Employees Turnover Intentions: a Structural Equation Modelâ€. Communications of the ACM. Vol 35, pp.34-51.

Indriantoro, Nur dan Bambang Supomo. 1999. “Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis Untuk Akuntansi & Manajemenâ€. BPFE UGM.

Irwansyah. 2005. “Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasional, Kepuasan Kerja, Dan Keperilakuan Etis Terhadap Keinginan Berpindah Professional Sistem Informasiâ€. Jurnal Bisnis Strategi. Program Magister Manajemen UNDIP. Vol.14 No.2.

Jagaratnam, Giri dan Polly Buchanan. 2004. “Balancing The Demands Of School And Work: Stress And Employed Hospitality Studentsâ€. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitally Management. Vol. 16, No.4, pp.237-245.

Jaramillo, Fernando, Jay Parakash Mulki, and Paul Solomon. 2006. “The Role Of Ethical Climate On Salesperson Role Stress, Job Attitudes, Turnover Intention, And Job Performanceâ€. Journal Of Personal Selling & Sales Management. Vol. XXVI, No.3. pp. 271-282

Jürges, Hendrik. 2003. “Age, Cohort, and the Slump in Job Satisfaction among West German Workersâ€. Labour. Vol. 17 (4), pp. 489-518.

Luthans, F. 1992. Organizational Behavior 6th edition. New York: Mc Graw Hill Book Company.

Madlock, Paul E. 2008. “The Link Between Leadership Style, Communicator Competence, And Employee Satisfactionâ€. Journal of Business Communication. Vol. 45, No.1. pp. 61-78.

Mahajan, Jayashree, Gilbert A. Churchill, Jr., Neil M. Ford, dan Orville C. Walker, Jr. 1984. “A Comparison of the Impact of Organizational Climate on the Job Satisfaction of Manufacturer’s Agents and Company Salespeople: An Exploratory Studyâ€. Journal of Personel Sellings & Sales Management.

Mardiana, Tri dan Muafi. 2001. “Studi Empiris Pengaruh Stressor Terhadap Kinerjaâ€. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis. No.6, Vol.1.

Mas’ud, Fuad. 2004. Survai Diagnosis Organisasional Konsep dan Aplikasi. BP UNDIP

Mc Nesse-Smith, D. 1996. “Increasing Employee Productivity, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitmentâ€. Hospital & Health Services Administration. Vol. 41:2, pp. 160-175.

McMurray, Adela J., D.R. Scott dan R. Wayne Pace. 2004. “The Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Organizational Climate in Manufacturingâ€. Human Resource Development Quarterly. Vol. 15, No.4.

Motowidlo, Stephan J. dan John S. Packard. 1986. “Occupational Stress: Its Causes and Consequences for Job Performanceâ€. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol.71, No.4, pp. 618-629.

Muchinsky, Paul M. 1977. “Organizational Communication: Relationships to Organizational Climate and Job Satisfactionâ€. Academy Of Management Journal. Vol. 20, No.4, pp. 592-607.

Mulki, J.Prakash, F. Jaramillo, dan W.B. Locander. 2006. “Effect of Ethical Climate and Supervisory Trust on Salesperson’s Job Attitudes and Intentions to Quitâ€. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. Vol.XXVI, No.1, pp.19-26.

Narayanan, Lakshmi., Shanker Menon dan Paul E. Spector. 1999. “Stress in Workplace†Journal of Organizational Behaviour. Jan 20, pp. 63-73.

Nasrudin, A.M. dan S. Kumaresan. “Organisational Stressorâ€. Singapore Management Review. Vol. 27, No.2.

Netemeyer, Richard G., Mark W. Johnston, dan Scot Burton. 1990. “Analysis of Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity in a Structural Equations Frameworkâ€, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 75, No.2, pp. 148-157.

Raabe, Babette dan Terry A. Beehr. 2003. “Formal Mentoring Versus Supervisor and Coworker Relationship: Differences in Perceptions and Impactâ€. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol 24, pp. 271-293.

Ramaswami, Sridhar N. dan Jagdip Singh. 2003. “Antecendents and Consequences of Merit Pay Fairness for Industrial Salespeopleâ€. Journal of Marketing. Vol.67, pp. 46-66.

Rivai. 2000. “Career Resilience: Paradigma Baru Dalam Pengembangan Karirâ€. Telaah Bisnis. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 73-85.

Robbins, Stephens P. 2003. Prilaku Organisasi. Edisi Kesepuluh. Jakarta: Prentice-Hall.

Rongga, K.L, Schmidt, D.B, Shull, C. and Schmitt, N. 2001. “Human Resources Practices, Organizational Climate, and Customer Satisfactionâ€. Journal of Management. pp.70-89.

Samad, Sarminah. 2006. “Predicting Turnover Intentions: The Case of Malaysian Government Doctorsâ€. The Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge. Vol.8, No.2

Schuler R.S. dan Jackson S.E. 1996. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Edisi Keenam, Jilid 2. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Shadur, Mark A; Kienzle Rene & Rodwell John J. 1999. “The Relationship between Organizational Climate and Employee Perceptions of Involvementâ€. Group and Organizational Management. Vol. 24, No. 4, pp.479-503.

Snyder, Carey J. 1990. “The Effects of Leader Behavior and Organizational Climate on Intercollegiate Coaches Job Satisfactionâ€. Journal of Sport Management. Vol 4, pp. 59-70.

Srivastav, Avinash Kumar. 2006. “Organizational Climate as a Dependent Variable, relationship with role stress, coping strategy and personal variablesâ€. Journal of Management Research. Vol.6, No.3.

Sullivan, Sherry E, Rabi S. Bhagat. 1992. “Organizational Stress, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: Where Do We Go From Here?â€. Journal Of Management. Vol.18, No.2, pp. 353-374.

Sweeney, Breda dan Brid Boyle. 2005. “Supervisory Actions, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions of Irish Trainee Accountantsâ€. The Irish Accounting Review. Vol.12, No.2, pp. 47-73.

Tett, Robert P. dan John P. Meyer. 1993. “Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, and Turnover: Path Analyses Based On Meta-Analytic Findingsâ€. Personnel Psychology.

Vandenberg, Robert J. dan Jodi Barnes Nelson. 1999. “Disaggregating the Motives Underlying Turnover Intentions: When Do Intentions Predict Turnover Behavior?â€. Human Relations. Vol.52, Oktober, pp. 1313-1336.

Vardi, Yoav. 2001. “The Effects of Organizational and Ethical Climate on Misconduct at Workâ€. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol 29, pp. 325-337.

Wei, Yinghong dan Neil A. Morgan. 2004. “Supportiveness of Organizational Climate, Market Orientation, and New Product Performance in Chinese Firmâ€. Journal Product Innovation Management. Vol 21: pp. 375-388.

Widyastuti, E.N. 2004. Analisis Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Variabel Intervening Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Dinas Pertanian Kota Semarang. Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana Magister Manajemen Universitas Diponegoro.

Williams, Eric S., Thomas R. Konrad, William E. Scheckler, Donald E. Pathman, Mark Linzer, Julia McMurray, Martha Gerrity, Mark Schwartz. 2000. “The Effects of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Stress on The Physicial and Mental Health and Withdraw Intentions of Physiciansâ€. Academy Of Management Proceedings.

Winterton, Jonathan. 2004. “A Conceptual Model of Labour Turnover and Retentionâ€. Human Resource Development International. Vol 7:3, pp. 371-390.

Published
2017-09-08
Section
Articles
Abstract viewed = 912 times
PDF downloaded = 1130 times