Faktor Risiko Tingginya Angka Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali

Abstract

Faktor Risiko Tingginya Angka Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali

Angka kematian balita akibat diare di Indonesia masih tinggi, mencapai 7.499 jiwa (0.03%) pada tahun 2018. Di Provinsi Bali, khususnya Kabupaten Gianyar, dari 13 puskesmas yang ada, angka kejadian diare balita pada UPT Kesmas Ubud I dan Sukawati II merupakan yang tertinggi dan cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor risiko tingginya angka kejadian diare balita pada Puskesmas di Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode analitik kuantitatif, desain studi cross sectional. Sampel meliputi 106 ibu yang mempunyai balita (umur 0 - 59 bulan) serta pernah mengalami diare dalam 3 bulan terakhir yang berkunjung ke Posyandu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ubud I dan Sukawati II. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan signifikan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif (p=0,005), status gizi (p=0,029), status imunisasi (p=0,024), sarana pengelolaan sampah (p=0,027), serta kebersihan lantai (p=0,011) pada terjadinya diare pada balita di Puskesmas Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali. Sedangkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan anatara sarana air bersih (p=0,316), sarana pembuangan tinja (p=0,503) serta perilaku ibu (p=0,254) pada kejadian diare yang menyerang balita yang ada di Puskesmas Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah ASI eksklusif (p= 0,006).

Kata kunci: diare, balita, faktor risiko, cross sectional, asi eksklusif

Risk Factors for the High Incidence of Diarrhea in Children at the Gianyar District Health Center, Bali

In 2018, number of death from children age 0 – 59 month caused by diarrhea in Indonesia is about 7.499 (0.03%). The highest incidence of diarrhea in Gianyar Public Health Centre was found in UPT Kesmas Ubud I and Sukawati II which increased annually. This study aims to find the risk factor of the high incidence of diarrhea among children age 0 – 59 month in Gianyar Public Health Centre. This study uses quantitative analytical methods, with a cross-sectional study design. The sample size in this study was 106 mothers who had children age 0-59 months and their children had experienced diarrhea in the last 3 months who came to the posyandu in the Ubud I and Sukawati II Puskesmas Working Areas. The results of this study showed a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.005), nutritional status (p= 0.029), immunization status (p=0.024), waste management facilities (p=0.027), and floor cleanliness (p=0.011) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old at the Gianyar District Health Center, Bali. Meanwhile, there was no significant relationship between clean water facilities (p=0.316), fecal disposal facilities (p=0.503), and mother's behavior (p=0.254) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old at the Gianyar District Health Center, Bali. The most influential factor was exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.006).

Keywords : diarrhea, children, risk factor, cross sectional, breastfeeding