Hubungan antara Status Gizi dengan Perkembangan Kognitif pada Anak Usia 6-24 Bulan

Abstract

Abstrak

Perkembangan kognitif adalah kemampuan dalam berpikir, mengeksplorasi, dan memecahkan suatu masalah. Perkembangan otak anak dipengaruhi oleh jumlah asupan gizi yang dikonsumsi untuk mempertahankan keseimbangan metabolisme tubuh. Asupan gizi yang baik dapat berkontribusi positif dalam perkembangan otak sehingga mengoptimalkan perkembangan kognitif anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dan perkembangan kognitif anak yang berumur 6-24 bulan. Penelitian menerapkan metode analitik dengan pendekatan cross- sectional. Besarnya sampel pada penelitian yakni 67 partisipan dipilih dengan concecutive sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi serta eksklusi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gianyar I dari Maret 2021 hingga Mei 2021. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah status gizi dan perkembangan kognitif. Status gizi dinilai atas dasar Indeks Massa Tubuh sesuai umur (IMT/U) dan perkembangan kognitif di nilai dengan capute scales. Analisis data mempergunakan uji fisher exact menggunakan SPSS tipe 26 dimana p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan anak berstatus gizi baik mempunyai perkembangan kognitif yang baik (93,3%). Sedangkan suspek gangguan perkembangan kognitif lebih banyak ditemukan pada anak berstatus gizi tidak baik (85,7%). Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dan perkembangan kognitif yang bermakna (p = 0,000). Status gizi yang baik mampu mengoptimalkan perkembangan kognitif anak.

Kata kunci: status gizi, perkembangan kognitif, anak usia 6-24 bulan  

Abstract

[The Relationship between Nutritional Status with Cognitive Development in Children Aged 6-24 Month]

           Cognitive development is the ability of thinking, exploring, and solving a problem. Brain development in human’s body is affected by the amount of nutrients that is intake to keep balance of body’s metabolism. Good nutrition intake can contribute positively to the brain development, and it also optimizing the children’s cognitive development. The purpose of this study was to know a correlation between nutritional status and cognitive development in children aged 6-24 months. This study used an analytical method and a cross sectional approach. The sample size of the study was 67 in which it was selected by using the consecutive sampling based on the inclusion and the exclusion criteria in the work area of Puskesmas Gianyar I from March 2021 to May 2021. The research variables were the nutritional status and the cognitive development. The nutritional status was evaluated from Body Mass Index according to age (BMI/U) and the cognitive development was assessed by using the capute scales. The data was analysed by fisher exact test with SPSS type 26 in which the p value is <0.05. In this study, it was found that children with good nutritional status had good cognitive development (93.3%). Meanwhile, suspected cognitive development disorders were found in children with poor nutritional status (85.7%). There is a significant relationship between nutritional status and cognitive development (p = 0.000). A good nutritional status will optimize children's cognitive development.

Keywords: nutritional status, cognitive development, children aged 6-24 month